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Abstract: This paper systematically analyzes the causes, common processes and locations of sand hole defects in the sand casting process of BB3 type multistage pump bodies in cast steel parts, and proposes targeted solutions. Through literature review and case analysis, it was found that the defects of sand holes mainly result from insufficient strength of the molding sand, design flaws of the gating system and improper operation, and are prone to occur in the molding, core setting, closing and pouring processes. The specific locations include gates, risers, thick parts of castings and inner cavities. By optimizing the proportion of molding sand, improving the design of the gating system and strengthening process control, the occurrence rate of sand holes can be effectively reduced and the quality of castings can be improved.

In modern industrial systems, stainless steel impeller castings serve as core components of fluid machinery, playing a vital role in energy conversion and medium transportation. From high-corrosion medium pumps in chemical processes to high-temperature, high-pressure ventilation systems in power generation, and sewage treatment equipment in environmental engineering, these castings ensure efficient, stable, and long-term operation of entire systems through their superior performance. This article systematically explores the key technical aspects and industrial applications of stainless steel impeller castings from dimensions including structural design, material properties, advanced manufacturing processes, diverse applications, and technological development trends.